[The three Rs: Looking back ... and forward] [Article in German]

Michael Balls

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Published: Nov 1, 2005

Keywords:

animal experimentation, ECVAM, FRAME, replacement, reduction, refinement

Michael Balls
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Abstract

Personal experiences at FRAME and ECVAM are recalled, alongside the evolutionary progress of the Three Rs (replacement, reduction, refinement,) approach to animal experimentation, described in great decades analogous to the Great Ages of Western Civilisation.

How to Cite

Balls, M. (2005) “[The three Rs: Looking back . and forward] [Article in German]”, ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation, 22(4), pp. 227–231. Available at: https://altex.org/index.php/altex/article/view/870 (Accessed: 22 March 2025).

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Vol. 22 No. 4 (2005)

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Articles

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